The Bank of the South -- A step towards regional integration in South America

[South America Analysis] -- The significance of creating a new regional bank in South America.

** Note the opinions reflected in this article are my own and do not reflect any resource used in writing this analysis.



As high level Economy and Finance ministers from seven South American countries meet in Argentina with the goal of moving forward the creation of the Bank of the South (El Banco Sur), it is imperative to examine the bigger picture. I have synthesized two major points I would like to highlight.

1) South American countries are experimenting with new institutions. If found to be viable and efficient, these institutions can potentially form the building blocks of larger and more complex ones. The end result will be the promotion of legitimate regional integration in South America.

2) The Bank of the South, along with other efforts such as the Andean Development Corporation will provide South American countries first-hand experience in promoting economic development through South-South Cooperation. Development via this avenue takes advantage of the strengths and weaknesses of other developing countries to promote development from within. South-South Cooperation has great potential to create a new channel in which to promote sustainable economic growth and empower developing countries with the tools and means in which to help each other develop, thus cutting their reliance on external aid from wealthy donor countries or multi-lateral organizations such as the IMF (eventually).

The Bank of the South, which has been financed by the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela, will begin operations with an initial capital pool of $10 billion. This figure was agreed upon during the last meeting held in March in Caracas, Venezuela (MercoPress).

When you casually see hundreds of billions of dollars being thrown around in today’s headlines, it is easy to dismiss this $10 billion effort as menial, at best…

The real point however is not to rock the boat, the boat in this context being the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral lending institutions. Hugo Chavez may be full of rhetoric that says otherwise, but as much as he would like the Bank of the South to counter the influence of the IMF, he knows at the moment it cannot.

Consider two major lending institutions—the IMF and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Ideas are being floated around to increase IMF capital to $500 billion (see this BBC article). Granted not all this will go to Latin America, but no less this is a substantially larger capital pool than the Bank of the South will have. The IDB, which is a Latin America specific regional lender, has $101 billion of its own of capital.

However, if we look at one other regional lender—the Andean Development Corporation, which includes some of the remaining South American countries which are not participating in the Bank of the South (Peru, Chile and Colombia), has a capital pool of $5 billion. The Bank of the South, with seven founding members and $10 billion in capital to lend is a definite step forward for the region

Consider for a moment, the fact South American countries have not always been as successful as they are now at managing inflation, debt, budgets, political stability, etc. Today in 2009, South American countries have international reserves. Click here to access a great article with some straight forward data that illustrates this phenomenon from Victoria Saddi’s site, Brazil and Economics. In a few years the United States may have to add to their Chinese and Middle Eastern credit lines by opening up new ones with countries in Latin America.

Definitely not a good thing for U.S self-esteem, but that is another story all together. Discussion welcome for those who would like to share their opinions on the subject.

The Bank of the South will not tip the international balance of power in either the worlds of regional and or international lending institutions. It will however help create the foundation for future organizations and institutions which one day will rival the influence of first world institutions like the IMF.


~ Analysis by Bennett Reiss

Building China's position in multilaterial organizations

China announced plans to create a $10 billion fund for investment cooperation between itself and its fellow ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) members.

Additionally China will provide a $15 billion credit line to its South East Asian neighbors, further extending its influence in the region.

China has been making its presence known in multilateral organizations around the globe. Recently pledging increased levels of support for organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Bloomberg reports in this article:

The investment fund will promote infrastructure development linking China with the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, while the loans will be offered over three to five years, according to a statement on the Foreign Ministry Web site today citing an interview with Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi.

The measures from the world’s third-largest economy, and one of the few forecast to maintain growth this year, may help speed recovery from the global financial crisis and cement China’s leadership in the region. The nation has already signed currency swap agreements with Indonesia, South Korea, Hong Kong and Malaysia this year to help ease foreign-exchange shortages and aid bilateral trade and investment.

“China is going to take the opportunity of this crisis to further establish itself in Asia,” said Huang Jing, a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. “All this will have a huge political and diplomatic impact in the region, in addition to the economic impact.”

Check out this link see a post a few weeks back on China & the IMF / IDB.

Latin America hopeful for more Chinese investment

The Governor of the People's Bank of China, Zhou Xiaochuan was in Colombia this weekend rubbing shoulders with the head honchos of Latin America's governments, intellectuals and business leaders.

Chinese Central Bank Governor Zhou Xiaochuan
attends the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
meeting in Medellin, Colombia, March 28, 2009.
(Xinhua/David De La Paz)

Most major media outlets from North America and Europe picked up Zhou's pledge that China would actively support the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral lending organizations such as the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

This naturally means China will want a legitimate voice in these institutions. Hopefully a Chinese voice will be for the better, not worse. Giving the Chinese a shot after all the foul-ups with U.S led efforts in the IMF shouldn't be too much to ask.

After reading through comments and quotes from various media reports on Zhou's speech, the consensus is clear. China plans on continuing the promotion of South-South Cooperation between developing nations—and is particularity optimistic about the prospects which lie ahead in regard to Sino-Latin American cooperation..

“South-South cooperation is all the more important amid the current financial crisis, and China will expand its trade with and increase its investment in Latin American countries after it joined the IDB, he said.”

"We see huge potential for economic ties and trade between Latin America and China," he said, noting that China has a free-trade pact with Chile, has concluded negotiations for such a pact with Peru and could have one with Costa Rica.

"The potential for China to make foreign direct investment in the region is huge," he said, adding that some sectors of special interest are in pharmaceuticals, computer software, aeronautics and biological products.

Trade between China and the greater Latin American region has been growing at an average rate of 40% in recent years and hit a record high of $143.3 billion in 2008 according to Xinhua News Media.

Zhou was in Colombia attending the 50th annual meeting of the IDB, which it joined in January this year.