Bank of the South - South American leaders reach a definitive agreement

A definitive agreement for the launching of the Bank of the South was reached in Buenoes Aires on Friday afternoon. Everything seems set to go with one minor change to note, The Bank of the South will begin operations with $7 billion in working capital, not the $10 billion reported previously.

South-South Cooperation is a term historically associated with the exchange of resources, technology and knowledge between developing countries. This latest initiative by the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela is especially exciting for the region as it:

a) Involves seven South American countries
b) Includes countries with very different political and economic ideologies
c) Includes the regional powerhouse of Brazil
d) Is not dominated by one power, but rather uses a fair system to calculate member country donations
e) Sends a message to member countries that what is good for the region is good me

What is mysterious, and surely politically motivated, is the fact the most staunch US allies in the region; Colombia, Peru and Chile, have not been included...

Here's the scoop from what went down over in Buenos Aires on Friday, courtesy of MercoPress.


“We’ve closed all pending issues and therefore this is the last ministerial meeting on the subject, said Argentine Finance minister Carlos Fernández who nevertheless added that the final stitch is “the technical review of statutes” of the new bank and the “parliamentary approval by the seven founding countries”.

[Arg Finance Minister, Carlos Fenandez]


The Bank of the South, started at the end of 2007 (and the brainchild of Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez), will have an initial capital of 7 billion US dollars (originally it was planned 10 billion), of which Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela will supply 2 billion US dollars each; Ecuador and Uruguay 400 million US dollars each and Bolivia 200 million.

“The terms of the agreement are acceptable, so the statutes should be easily approved without much discussion”, said Brazil’s Finance minister Guido Mantega. “This is the missing step for financial integration”, he added.

“Given the current international context the bank should be operational as soon as possible” added Argentina’s Fernandez. “It’s not easy to create a financial institution of this kind in the midst of an international crisis”.

According to the statutes each country member will have “one vote” in the board but for approval of loans 70 million US dollars plus, support from votes representing two thirds of capital subscription will be needed, explained Fernandez.

At the same meeting Argentina and Brazil also agreed to a 1.5 billion US dollars swap to reinforce their international reserves. The operation is similar to that recently agreed between Argentina and China and the one signed by the Federal Reserve and fifteen other countries, including Brazil.

The swap is “preventive” and enables each country access to a credit in Brazilian Reales or Argentine Pesos equivalent to 1.5 billion US dollars and valid for three years.

Brazilian minister Mantega said that when Brazil signed the agreement with the FED he advanced that the scheme would be expanded to the region, with Argentina and Uruguay as first interested parties.

“It’s a precaution mechanism to reinforce international reserves. Let’s hope this becomes available as soon as possible and operational for the two central banks”, said Fernandez.

The Bank of the South -- A step towards regional integration in South America

[South America Analysis] -- The significance of creating a new regional bank in South America.

** Note the opinions reflected in this article are my own and do not reflect any resource used in writing this analysis.



As high level Economy and Finance ministers from seven South American countries meet in Argentina with the goal of moving forward the creation of the Bank of the South (El Banco Sur), it is imperative to examine the bigger picture. I have synthesized two major points I would like to highlight.

1) South American countries are experimenting with new institutions. If found to be viable and efficient, these institutions can potentially form the building blocks of larger and more complex ones. The end result will be the promotion of legitimate regional integration in South America.

2) The Bank of the South, along with other efforts such as the Andean Development Corporation will provide South American countries first-hand experience in promoting economic development through South-South Cooperation. Development via this avenue takes advantage of the strengths and weaknesses of other developing countries to promote development from within. South-South Cooperation has great potential to create a new channel in which to promote sustainable economic growth and empower developing countries with the tools and means in which to help each other develop, thus cutting their reliance on external aid from wealthy donor countries or multi-lateral organizations such as the IMF (eventually).

The Bank of the South, which has been financed by the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela, will begin operations with an initial capital pool of $10 billion. This figure was agreed upon during the last meeting held in March in Caracas, Venezuela (MercoPress).

When you casually see hundreds of billions of dollars being thrown around in today’s headlines, it is easy to dismiss this $10 billion effort as menial, at best…

The real point however is not to rock the boat, the boat in this context being the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other multilateral lending institutions. Hugo Chavez may be full of rhetoric that says otherwise, but as much as he would like the Bank of the South to counter the influence of the IMF, he knows at the moment it cannot.

Consider two major lending institutions—the IMF and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Ideas are being floated around to increase IMF capital to $500 billion (see this BBC article). Granted not all this will go to Latin America, but no less this is a substantially larger capital pool than the Bank of the South will have. The IDB, which is a Latin America specific regional lender, has $101 billion of its own of capital.

However, if we look at one other regional lender—the Andean Development Corporation, which includes some of the remaining South American countries which are not participating in the Bank of the South (Peru, Chile and Colombia), has a capital pool of $5 billion. The Bank of the South, with seven founding members and $10 billion in capital to lend is a definite step forward for the region

Consider for a moment, the fact South American countries have not always been as successful as they are now at managing inflation, debt, budgets, political stability, etc. Today in 2009, South American countries have international reserves. Click here to access a great article with some straight forward data that illustrates this phenomenon from Victoria Saddi’s site, Brazil and Economics. In a few years the United States may have to add to their Chinese and Middle Eastern credit lines by opening up new ones with countries in Latin America.

Definitely not a good thing for U.S self-esteem, but that is another story all together. Discussion welcome for those who would like to share their opinions on the subject.

The Bank of the South will not tip the international balance of power in either the worlds of regional and or international lending institutions. It will however help create the foundation for future organizations and institutions which one day will rival the influence of first world institutions like the IMF.


~ Analysis by Bennett Reiss

Moving forward, Creating a Bank of the South

South-South Cooperation: The Bank of the South


Back in March I did a small piece on the creation of the Bank of the South, a.k.a, El Banco Sur (click here to see post). Currently working on my own analysis to this development and my general view on this South American effort to create a regional bank.

For now, here are a few excerpts from today's MercoPress article.

Economy and Finance ministers from seven South American countries are scheduled to meet Friday in Buenos Aires to advance in the creation of the Bank of the South, a financial institution to fund infrastructure and development projects in the region.

“At the meeting participants will advance in the founding multilateral agreements for the establishment of the Bank of the South“, said the Argentine Central Bank in a short release.

Participating ministers are from Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela.

What's shakin in Latin America?

Obama leaves for Mexico and prepares for regional summit test - MercoPress

United States President Barack Obama heads to Mexico Thursday and then continues on to Trinidad and Tobago for the fifth Summit of the Americas. Security concerns along the US-Mexico border are expected to top Mr. Obama’s discussions with Mexican President Felipe Calderon, while the summit provides an opportunity to reinvigorate the US hemispheric ties and forge a regional response to the global economic downturn, according to a Voice of America report.

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Peru's economy likely to have grown 3.1% in 1Q 2009 - Andina

Lima, Apr. 14 (ANDINA).- Peru's economy might have grown 3.1 percent in the first quarter, according to the Lider index estimates, which shows economic trends in the short term, stated today the Ministry of Economy and Finances (MEF).

Peruvian economy keeps growing despite global crisis. Photo: ANDINA/Archive

This estimate is lower than the 3.8 percent reported by the Ministry in last month's report.

Under the new estimates, the economy would have grown by 2.2 in February, lower than the three percent predicted previously, however the Ministry keeps its March estimate of 3.9 percent.

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Bilateral commission to study power sales to Chile - BNAmericas

Argentine and Paraguayan government officials have agreed to establish a bilateral commission to study the technical feasibility of selling power to Chile.

The commission will have 180 days to carry out the study, Paraguay's presidential website reported.

Paraguay would receive roughly US$140mn/y from the energy sales, according to Carlos Cardozo, the landlocked country's director of the EBY joint venture, which administers the Yacyretá hydroelectric dam on the Argentine-Paraguayan border.

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Supermercados chinos - Danwei, Nancy Lu (Chinese run supermarkets in Argentina)

At first glance, this book may seem uninteresting. After all, nobody reads manuals.

But upon closer inspection, you realize that this is a Chinese-Spanish language manual for running a supermarket. Open it and you find the distinctive Rioplatense Spanish of Argentina, with useful phrases such as “Gracias a vos: 谢谢你” (thank you) or “Yo tampoco tengo monedas: 我也没有硬币” (I don’t have coins either).

One finer detail of the book is that it is written in simplified Chinese, addressed to a mainland audience. Yet the name in traditional Chinese at the bottom of the cover indicates something about the author — he is Taiwanese.

The evolution of the Chinese-run supermarkets provides an interesting snapshot of the changing Chinese presence in Buenos Aires. While most Chinese-run supermarkets were originally opened by immigrants from Taiwan, there is a shift towards these businesses being sold to and run by mainland Chinese. This book is further evidence of that trend.

Banco del Sur

In 2007 the countries of Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Paraguay formed Banco del Sur (Bank of the South). The bank if finally opening its doors, and, not surprisingly has made few headlines up in North America.

Banco del Sur will launch operations with a initial $10 billion in capital for loans and other programs, reported Venezuela's state news agency ABN.


Contributions break down as follows. Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil will each contribute $2 billion. Bolivia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Paraguay will pool together the other $4 billion.

Venezuela's finance minister Alí Rodríguez told media yesterday, he believes the Presidents of Banco del Sur's member countries know it is necessary to advance regional integration of energy, infrastructure and finance.

Sounds all fine and dandy, but easier said than done. It would be some great ideal if Latin America's commodity producers could come together and form some kind of financial system to trade their goods (one random thought).

It would also be nice if inter-regional trade could be made easier.

Yes... you can drive from Asuncion, Paraguay to La Paz, Bolivia but it will be ONE HECK OF A JOURNEY. Remember to pack extra shocks for your car too.

Good idea to keep watch on this bank and see how things progress in the coming months.

Morocco-Paraguay hold first joint meeting to boost co-operation

Some interesting news in the field of “South-South Cooperation” arrived in my email box this evening.

The underlying point is simple. Developing nations in today's globalized world are going to be looking towards one another for new opportunities more and more, and towards the developed world less and less... at least proportionately.

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The first Morocco-Paraguay joint committee meeting, which kicked off Monday in the Moroccan capital, Rabat, is an opportunity to strengthen bilateral co-operation at all levels and in all areas, Moroccan Foreign Minister, Taieb Fassi Fihri said.

Speaking to reporters following the opening ceremony, Fassi Fihri recalled the kingdom's experience in south-South co-operation, stressing that king Mohammed VI takes great interest in this co-operation as a forum for a better exchange of expertise and sharing of competences.

He underlined, in this regard, the two countries' desire to work together to deepen their political dialogue and strengthen co-operation in several fields, mainly agriculture, water and electricity, health, human development and poverty eradication.

Co-operation opportunities, especially in banking, trade and investment, were also among the issues tackled by the FM, who stressed the importance of strengthening cultural co-operation as well between the two countries.

On his part, Paraguay’s Foreign Minister, Alejandro Hamed Franco, who co-chairs this session with his Moroccan peer, said this meeting is “a new step” in bilateral relations.

Click here to access the full article from ISRIA, Geopolitical Intelligence

Commodities in focus: Investment, Production Forecasts, New Discoveries and Project Cancellations from South America

The commodity market is having a mid-recession crisis. This is especially troubling for the major commodity producers in South America. Forecasts of when the global economy will recover from the current financial crisis to range from the 2nd half of 2009 into 2010.


Investing your rainy-day fund from the “boom years” and what it means for Chile

For a country like Chile, which has roughly $22 billion of saved reserves from the four-year boom in copper prices (Chile is the world's #1 producer of copper), recession is going to mean tapping into those savings in order to invigorate demand.

Chile has earned a reputation for being a very efficiently managed economy in South America. This, combined with the fact the country has saved for bad times has created a sense that the Chile is in the best position to weather the global recession.

Fund managers and analysts at Scotiabank Sud Americano SA and Santander are of this opinion and emphasize that so far, Chile's Ipsa Index is the best preforming Latin American benchmark, with a gain so far in 2009 of 5.1%.

(click here to read more on this topic from James Attwood's article on Bloomberg)



New Investments & South-South Cooperation: Brazil-Bolivia

In other commodity news, there is a new example of growing South-South Cooperation to report, this time between Brazil and Bolivia. Brazilian oil conglomerate Petrobras has announced plans to invest $1.1 billion in natural gas projects in Bolivia.

Brazil’s state oil company “has made the commitment to invest $1.1 billion in the coming years,” Lula said at a press conference late yesterday in the Brazilian town of Ladario, which borders Bolivia. “We need gas and we will act with the Bolivian government to fulfill that need.”

(click here to access the full article from Bloomberg)

Bolivia is proven to have the second-largest natural gas reserves in South America after Venezuela. Much like Venezuela, foreign investors are quite concerned with the political situation and as a result the flows of FDI in Bolivia have taken a serious hit in recent years.

However, with energy demand holding steady in Brazil and Argentina, Bolivia's current inability to meet supply contracts with the two nations, this is a smart and strategic move on Brazil's part. Furthermore, with ongoing issues concerning the the price Brazil pays for electric power generated by the Itaipu dam (the world's largest hydroelectric plant, located on the Parana River along the Brazil-Paraguay boarder), it is wise of Brazil to secure its energy needs from a additional source in the region.

(click here to access a recent article concerning this issue between Brazil and Paraguay, courtesy of La Presna Latina)


Exploration / New discovery in Brazil

Moving on... discoveries / exploration continue. Spanish company, Repsol has made a oil discovery offshore Brazil. Repsol announced this weekend, it had found “traces” of hydrocarbons at a deep water well being drilled off the Brazilian coast.

Exploration work was headed by a consortium of companies of which Repsol has the largest stake in. Brazil's Petrobras and Australia's Woodside Petroleum Limited are the other two partners.

It's good news to see companies continuing with resource exploration. When the global economy recovers, which it eventually will—commodities will be back in the headlines. The companies which have managed to brave the recession will find themselves rewarded as consumption increases and buyers line up, ready and willing to pay a premium.

(Click here to read more on this discovery from MercoPress)


Production in 2009 – Copper & gold production set to rise in Peru

Peruvian news agency, Andina has reported Peru's mining companies will produce more copper, gold and silver this year in a bid to offset slumping prices, according to Finance Minister Luis Valdivieso.

In the world, Peru ranks as the third-largest producer of copper, zinc and tin. The fifth largest producer of gold, and the number one producer of Silver. None the less, Peru is confident that by raising output it will be able to cope with the global downturn.

However, if the global economy does not recover as quickly, Peru may find increasing output was not the best method to deal with the situation in the long term. If other producers in the world economy do the same, the market will hypothetically be flooded with supply.

With base metal prices down roughly 25-40%, gold and silver down 14% and 43% respectively, this does seem the most logical path for Peru to take at the moment. The ideal situation I assume the big shots making decisions down in Peru can hope is that the global economy does pick up in the 2nd half of 2009, so that prices do not fall to levels in which mining production becomes economically inviable.

(click here to access Andina's article on this topic)


Baosteel and Vale cancel steel project due to lack of credit – BNAmericas

Cia Vale do Rio Doce and Baosteel have canceled their steel project in the Anchieta complex, in the Espirito Santo state of Brazil, the groups announced.

The companies blamed the global economic crisis, which has seen leading steelmakers worldwide cutting their steel production. As result of the global cut in demand, Baosteel proposed the cancellation of the project and the liquidation of Companhia Siderúrgica Vitória (CSV).

(click here to access the full article from BNAmericas)